Stoichiometry Questions and Answers Free Essays

Concordant titer esteems would take into account exact outcomes. Rehash the examination with new/new hardware so distinguish whether there are any innate blames in the gear. D) Water, to guarantee the entirety of the Noah is sitting at the base of the funnel shaped carafe. We will compose a custom article test on Stoichiometry Questions and Answers or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Water itself doesn't influence the quantity of moles of acidic corrosive in the flagon, which is the thing that responds with the acidic corrosive in the vinegar. 4. A) Burette b) †flushed with refined water first to expel any polluting influences. Gone water through the tap too. †at that point washed with answer for be moved I. E. Acidic corrosive arrangement. Once more, flushed through the tap too. †topped off the burette (with a channel at the top) to the proper volume. Estimated the volume at which the base of the meniscus was and recorded this as the underlying worth. C) Concordant titer esteems are 22. 30 and 22. 40 ml Average titer d) Mann_ + 0. 0750 M = 22. 35 ml UH+ fee+ Mrs.+ +UH 25. 0 ml = 0. 0250 L V = 22. 35 ml = 0. 02235 L Inman-= C. V = 0. 0750 x 0. 0250 = 0. 00188 mol Neff+,t-lemon-= 5/1 5 x nerving-= 5 x 0. 00188 mol = 0. 00938 mol 0. 00938/0. 02235 = 0. 419 M (3 SF) 5. NO + UH - + NH (an) ann. M = 1. 0/28. 02 = 0. 036 mol (2 s. ) CUFF+ NH M = 1. 0/2. 016 = 0. 50 mol ann. : NH blended = 1 : 14 = 0. 036 : 0. 50 Given responding ann. : NH NO is the constraining reagent H2O is the overabundance reactant (b) Using ann. = 0. 036 mol ann. /ann.=2/1 ann. = 2/1 x ann. = 2 x 0. 036 = 0. 071 mol Therefore, farm = 0. 071 x 17. 034 = 1. 2 gees. F. ) 6. 4 AAA + 302 (a) butt-centric = m/M = 20. 0/26. 98 = 0. 741 mol (3 s. F. ) 2 AWA Y non = 20. 0/32. 00 = 0. 625 mol = 0. 741 : 0. 625 = 1. 2 : 1 = 3. 6 : 3 Given responding butt-centric : non =4:3 AAA is the constraining reagent 02 is the abundance reactant (b) Using butt-centric = 0. 741 mol Manama/butt-centric = 2/4 Manama = 2/Exxon 0. X 0. 741 = 0. 371 mol Manama = n x M = 0. 071 x . 96 = 37. 8 g (3 s. F. ) 7. 2 AAA + CUSCUS = 8. 09/26. 98 = 0. 300 mol (3 s. F. ) acquires = c. V = 2. 00 x 0. 0750 = 0. 150 mol butt-centric : causes blended = 0. 300 : 0. 150 Given responding butt-centric : acquires Cuscus is the constraining reagent AAA is the abundance reactant = 0. 300-0. 100 3 signal Determine the quantity of moles of AAA responded by utilizing mole proportions I. E. butt-centric butt-centric = 2/xx causes = 2/3 x 0. 150 = 0. 100 mol Therefore butt-centric (abundance) : brings about = 0. 200 mol (b) utilizing causes UNC/brings about = 3/3 UNC = acquires Mac = n x M = 0. 150X63. 55 = 9. 53 g (2 s. F. ) The most effective method to refer to Stoichiometry Questions and Answers, Papers

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How to Write the University of Michigan Supplement 2019-2020 TKG

How to Write the University of Michigan Supplement 2019-2020 The University of Michigan is a public research university in Ann Arbor, MI.  There are about 30,000 undergraduate students enrolled at the Ann Arbor campus and the school has over 1,600 student organizations. The most recently reported acceptance rate was 23.5%.  In terms of TKG clients, Michigan (along with USC) is one of our most applied to schools. It’s also the school that we get the most questions about, which makes sense because more than 65,000 students applied last year. The Michigan supplement is comprised of three questions of varying lengths. They’re all equally important and give you a chance to explain why you want to go to Michigan, what you plan to do if you get in, and how you’ll contribute to the student body.   The prompts are below:  If you could only do one of the activities you have listed in the Activities section of your Common Application, which one would you keep doing? Why? (150 words)Don’t make the mistake of overthinking this one. It’s not ofte n that you’ll stumble upon a supplemental question that doesn’t A) make you feel anxious and B) use ridiculously flowery and confusing language. So really, don’t try to get all deep. There is absolutely no need to go the serious route with this one. Look at your activities, and choose your favorite one. The goal with this essay, which is the shortest of the three, is to pick something that you genuinely care about and let your passion shine through in your answer. Write it well, and simply answer the question. Everyone belongs to many different communities and/or groups defined by (among other things) shared geography, religion, ethnicity, income, cuisine, interest, race, ideology, or intellectual heritage. Choose one of the communities to which you belong, and describe that community and your place within it. (300 words)Hey @Michigan, quick question for you: have you ever gotten a brilliant answer from someone defining their community based on income? It’s uncomfortable and seems kinda classist and it should probably be removed but okay!!Anyway, people get really tripped up on this question, and we think it’s because these communities are or can be othering. It’s very easy to look at the communities that Michigan lists in the prompt and feel like you don’t belong. Remember that you’re not just picking a community, the prompt asks you to explain your place within the community. You need to pick a community that you actually contribute to in some way, and there’s nothing wrong with you if none of the above ring true to you. Don’t go crazy trying to fit yourself into a box if you don’t feel connected to any of their suggestions. Instead, think of community as the place you feel safest and enjoy the most. The things you do with your family and friends. Think small and outside of the box. Maybe you and your friends love old films and you host a movie night once a month. Perhaps you host a summer block party, or meet up with kids from your nei ghborhood to walk your dogs on Sunday’s. Or you and your friends trade baking recipes and you spend a few days a month refining your cookie making skills. The trend with our examples is that they are all communities defined by interest. Think about how you spend your time, and the people you spend it with, and figure out your role within that. As for actually writing the supplement, tell it with a story with a beginning, middle, and end. You should bring the reader into that community, not blatantly state what it is and then define your role within it. The writing is really important here, and you should keep it fresh and interesting. Let’s look at two ways to start the supplement: Example #1: Every year, I host a summer block party. I’m the organizer of the event and spend weeks figuring out the details. I buy hamburgers, sodas, and decorations. The above is a great way to bore your reader to death. You’re making a case for your role in your community (again, by telling a s tory) and you should drop the admissions committee right into the action, make them want to keep reading, and weave details throughout. Example #2: I was setting up steamers on my block when I realized I forgot to buy hamburger buns. The party was starting in two hours. In a state of minor panic, I called my dad.  For the most part, the same information has been relayed. But in Example #2, you’re setting up a narrative that draws the reader in. Start by writing out the details of your story to get your facts straight and make sure you don’t leave anything out. Then, rewrite as a story and edit, edit, and edit some more.  Describe the unique qualities that attract you to the specific undergraduate College or School (including preferred admission and dual degree programs) to which you are applying at the University of Michigan. How would that curriculum support your interests? (550 words)When it comes to the common app essay, we’re huge supporters of breaking the mold and pla ying with structure. That is not the case with this essay. We use a set structure for this response. Michigan is VERY clearly asking you why you want to go to Michigan, and only Michigan. You need to tell them what you plan to do both inside and outside of the classroom if you’re admitted. Yes, Michigan is a huge school with many academic offerings and extracurricular options. If you think that means your response can be generic and broad, you’re wrong. It actually means that you have to be even more specific and precise with your answer. With over 60,000 applicants sending in essays, writing “I want to go to Michigan so I can major in English” won’t work. And don’t even think about copying and pasting your answer from another school.  Your essay should include the following:An origin storyAcademic interests / major Extracurricular activities A conclusion  Let’s break it down paragraph by paragraph:  ORIGIN STORY:Start by explaining how your academic interests came t o be. This story doesn’t need to backed up by academic offerings just yet but it must be something that you can learn more about at Michigan. So now is not the time to tell them about your dream of being a circus performer, because that is not a major that is offered at Michigan.  For example, let’s say you wrote a children’s book in middle school. Even if it was something you printed out yourself and handed out to your classmates. Then, in high school you joined yearbook and last year did a creative writing summer program at a college in your hometown. That’s the basis for an origin story. Another example would be that you were obsessed with Legos and building blocks as a child, then joined an engineering club in middle school, and now actively seek out every bridge you can find on Google to learn more about how it’s built. That person would be headed towards the engineering department. Think about your academic interests, the rabbit holes you go down, or a school projec t you actually cared about. You’re going to need to declare a major in the second paragraph (don’t freak out, we’ll explain) and this story is your chance to back it up with a personal anecdote that introduces you to the admissions team.  ACADEMIC INTERESTS / MAJOR:  Next, you need to pick a major. And it needs to match the origin story that you just told. The essay should flow seamlessly from the story that you just told into the major that you select. Using the example from above, the child author turned yearbook editor could transition into creative writing and literature. An important note: before you go running for the hills, no one is going to hold you to the major that you choose to write about in your supplement. Seriously. By picking a major, you’ll show Michigan that you have a plan. Michigan cares about their four-year graduation rate, so writing about how you’re undecided is somewhat of a red flag. When you declare a major, you’re telling Michigan that you aren’t going to take 8 years to graduate, switch your major 17 times, or eventually drop out. Per their website, Michigan has approximately 263 degree programs. Start by looking at the list of available majors, and find something you like. There has to be SOMETHING. Ask yourself what classes you like, what projects you’ve enjoyed working on, what books you read during your free time, and what academic clubs you’re involved with. Looking through every single major will be seriously overwhelming, so you should narrow your search down based on your interests. You should dedicate a lot of time to this part of the process because you’re going to need to write about the major that you choose. And they’ll know if you’re faking it. The major that you choose should make sense within the context of the rest of your application, so don’t choose Physics if you’ve never taken it before. You can’t pick something random. Once you’ve decided what major you want to write about, c lick into on the website and look at the class offerings. You need to identify 1-2 (aim for 2) upper level classes that you want to take. The classes should be level 200-300. Don’t choose introductory classes that are offered at most schools. You’re looking for something that’s specific to Michigan. Instead of just naming the classes, explain why you want to take them. Maybe you were introduced to some interesting subject matter in class or while doing a project, and you want to learn more. There should be something that connects you to the classes that you choose. You might also find a professor whose work you admire while you’re looking into your major. If so, write about your desire to take their class and check if they have any research opportunities that you could join. EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES:  Next up, you have space to explain what you plan to do with your time outside of the classroom. As we said earlier, there are plenty of clubs and student organizations to cho ose from at Michigan. Once again, you can’t pick something random. Once you get in, you can join any club you want. The extracurricular activity that you choose should be an extension of what you did in high school, and it should also align with the major that you wrote about in the previous paragraph. Remember, your goal is to paint a picture of a student with specific interests and a four-year plan. For the fictitious yearbook editor above, joining the Michiganensian Yearbook would be a logical choice. On the website linked above, you can sort by interest or type something into the search bar. You’ll be surprised at how many options come up. Write about why you want to join the club you chose, and what prior experience you have that will make you a good fit. CONCLUSION: It’s possible that you might not have much space by the time you get to the final paragraph. But now would be the time to write about anything uniquely Michigan that you haven’t shared yet. Maybe there’s a restaurant you want to try, a building you loved when you visited, or are already planning your first trip to the lake. Don’t force if it you really don’t have anything to write. In either case, wrap things up cleanly.  We know how overwhelming the application process is, and love helping students get organized. Contact us here if you want help.

The Civil War Of The United States - 1233 Words

â€Å"Blundering Generation† Division among a population for opposing goals wasn t a new concept brought to light by the Civil War. Almost one hundred years prior to the Civil War, inhabitants of the thirteen colonies fought against each other towards their differing support for their wages of unity. Patriots fought Loyalists for coalition of the colonies, and likewise Northerners now fought Southerners for the preservation of the Union. The imminent breakup of the Union, likewise to the dissolution of British hold, wasn’t only dependent upon the errors of fumbled leaders. Other factors of equal or even greater importance to the collapse of the Union were economic structure, social makeup, and ongoing movements attempting to alter the†¦show more content†¦Lacking mechanical resources, production required cheap manpower for efficiency. Take the manpower away and the South had nothing to uphold or fall back upon; they relied on themselves for consumption and prod uction, basically keeping all economy within the radius below Virginia. The South felt as is it was a completely alternate society with its own set of regulations and how it ran. They did not necessarily associate themselves to being the same Americans as those that resided in the Northern states; therefore, Southerners feared compromise would sacrifice their entire system. The basic mindset of the people was not an economic-based way of seeing social levels, but rather it was racially based. The wealthy white, usually plantation owners, sought to differentiate themselves from poor, unemployed white by owning those that were even below them, slaves. â€Å"Positions hardened as Republicans asserted the sanctity of majority rule, slaveholders perceived a growing threat to their way of life, and abolitionists—both black and white—sought to end slavery.† (http://www.tredegar.org/) Southerners seeked to represent that the wealthy whites were at the top of the hill, the slaves in the valley, and others fell somewhere in a plateau. Anything that could alter Southern society would change the way people saw each other and how relations would occur. Although even the

How Fashion Has Reflected the Changes in Society - 1429 Words

How Fashion Has Reflected the Changes in Society INTRODUCTION Change is a theme that is ever-present in our culture and society. Often this change is reflected in the dress of its people. From the fashionable silhouettes of the 1920’s to the colorful 60’s, hip-hop look of 90’s up to the modern twist of today, social change and change in fashion has, in theory and practice, been linked. According to ask.com, Fashion can be defined as a prevalent style by a particular group at a particular time, and, therefore, may be linked to a specific cultural and historical context in which there is general acceptance of a given style or look Change in fashion was a direct result of class struggle or that it resulted from the need for the elite†¦show more content†¦It gives people judgment on others and also has an impact on a career level as well. But if we teach people as well as the industry to change their perception and depiction regarding fashion harmful effect on either may be avoided. SOCIOLOGICALLY Because of the fashion industries portrayal of beauty in advertisements, a value system that focuses on looks and external beauty is built by the men and women that are exposed to them (Sheehan 108). Although the word fashion is often used in a positive sense, the Fashion Industry itself may have some significant negative impacts. Many studies connect the exposure to such advertisements and media coverage of thin models to women with a negative self-esteem and issues with body image. The images of women that are presented by the Fashion Industry, especially in magazines, represent an image that is nearly impossible to achieve. As a result, many women and even men turn to eating disorders in hope to become the image of beauty that has been created for them by the Fashion Industry and the media. So, it can be argued that sociologically, the Fashion Industry indeed has a negative impact on the values, self-esteem, and the perception of women and men such as listed below. factor 1. The y oungsters deviate from their studies. Youngsters who pay more attention to fashion are less attentive to their studies and when it comes to devoting time to their academic career, they seem to be less concerned. This veryShow MoreRelatedFlappers, Conservativism and Changes in Fashion1103 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen many fads and changes in the fashion industry. From cloche hats in the early 1900s, to big hair in the 1980s and to the low rise of jeans of the present day fashion still continues to evolve with the way society changes. The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines fashion as, a popular way of dressing at a particular time or among a particular group of people. Throughout history, fashion has been changing. 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Technology is all Around Our Daily Lives - 625 Words

Technology is all around us when we look to our daily routine and we count all the technology tools that we use in one day, we will realize how just important technology is. We can’t live for one day with out using cell phones, watching T.V, driving cars, computers or any electrical machines. In fact day after day depending on technology increases weather through communication, transportation or search for any information. Also we use technology for entertainment, education and science. Due to technology we have been able to reach the surface of the moon and the bottom of the ocean thanks to the technology revolution, and because of the importance of technology most of the big companies create sections for research and development. It influences minds in good and bad ways, and it allows people to share information which they would other wise not be able to share. Technology plays an important role in most areas of life, in other words, they solve most of the problems of human beings, the aim of the importance of technology to make life easier for humans. Using the technology has helped to expand the perception of a person, and the development of culture, made him following up well to events all over the world without restriction or excuse prevents him from what is happening outside the range in which the person lives. It also has the ability to bring people closer, especially students who are studying outside their home countries, they can to talk to their families andShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Technology972 Words   |  4 PagesThe advancement in technology has significantly altered our daily lives. As generations passed, it is remarkable in seeing how technology has drastically changed as well as our behavior towards it. 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Yea Budyy free essay sample

Her notification was timely, and the problem with the bird was a material and substantial impairment because Smith had paid a high price specifically for breeders, not two male emus for pets. [Smith v. Penbridge Associates, Inc. , 655 A. 2d 1015 (Pa. Super. )] 4. Revocation of acceptance. The court held that the shopping club had given the seller enough time to try and fix the defects, that the fixes were not forthcoming and that the buyer certainly had the right of revocation of acceptance if the right of rejection had expired. The buyer had accepted the goods but could revoke acceptance if (1) the defects substantially impaired the value of the washers; and (2) the defect was not readily discoverable until after the sales to customers occurred. [Aetna Chemical Co. v. Spaulding amp; Kimball Co. , 126 A. 582 (Vt. )] 10. What constitutes acceptance of goods. Yes. The use of the concrete forming equipment for more than six months of construction was an act inconsistent with rejection of the goods and constituted an acceptance of the goods. We will write a custom essay sample on Yea Budyy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page [Economy Forms Corp. v. Kandy, Inc. , 391 F. Supp. 44 (N. D. Ga. )] Chapter 27 – 1, 3, 8, 9 and 11 1. Statute of limitations. Firwoods resale may have taken three years, and the contract goods may have been sold as parts, but Firwood acted in good faith in trying to mitigate damages because there simply was no market for PCIs at the time of General Tires breach. Firwood acted in good faith and pursued buyers diligently over that three-year period. While the time period may be less than optimal and the sale of the goods as parts not always desirable, Firwood did the best it could given the market following the breach. Â  Rejection of improper tender. Yes. Formetal immediately notified Presto of the defects. Presto had the right to repossess the goods, but failed to do so. Additionally, Presto showed no evidence that it wished to cure the defect. [Presto Mfg. Co. v. Formetal Engineering Co. , 360 N. E. 2d 510 (Ill. App. )] 8. Breach of contract. Mrs. Kirby could reject the wheelchair and sue for breach of contract. She might also try breach of warranty in that it did not meet specifications and perhaps there was a warranty for a particular purpose. However, the court held that the best remedy was for breach of contract with the wheelchair returned, her money refunded and her right to go elsewhere to cover and recover the price difference for a proper wheelchair.

IRA Peace Settlement Essays - Politics Of Europe,

IRA Peace Settlement The Irish Republican Army, also known as the IRA, is a parliamentary and nationalist organization that opposes the connection of Northern Ireland to Great Britain. The IRA is also dedicated to the creation of a single unified Irish state. The name IRA derived from the veterans of the Easter Battles of 1916. The battle was fought for support of Irish independence. Accordingly the IRA became the political division of the Sinn Fein party. The political leaders of Britain and Ireland, negotiated a treaty that incorporated 26 of Ireland's counties as the Irish Free State. The remainder of Ireland, remained part of the United Kingdom. The Irish Republican Army began to decline after Eamon de Valera became a prime minister and took over the Irish government. The IRA and the Irish state were in constant conflict, during the 1930s and 1940s. The IRA started to concentrate on Northern Ireland in the 1950s. The IRA tried to gain favor from Northern Ireland, but failed. In 1969 the IRA started new radical social reforms in Northern Ireland, and the British government couldn't overcome them after a dozen years. This crisis also allowed the IRA to make a drastic comeback. The Irish Republican Army was split into two groups. The officials, which promoted a Socialist Ireland by democratic means, and provisionals, that promoted terrorism. In 1972 the Provisional IRA's terrorist tactics led to the downfall of the Northern Ireland government. From 1972 to 1994 the Provisional IRA maintained their campaign on terminating British victims in Northern Ireland and Britain. On August 31, 1994, the Irish Republican Army announced a cease-fire. This would affect the 25-year-old battle against British domination of Northern Ireland. This cease-fire came about from several years of confidential meetings between the IRA and the British government. This arrangement for peace is called the "Downing Street Declaration." The controversy between Northern Ireland and Britain began with Roman Catholic objections against favoritism by the protestant majority in the country. British troops were sent into Northern Ireland to patrol the country. They still remained there in 1994. The Catholic minority wanted a reunion with the Republic of Ireland, which was mainly Catholic. The Protestants of Northern Ireland resisted the reunification. The IRA gave no amount of time for the duration of the cease fire, nor did they surrender their weapons. There were two earlier cease-fires in 1972 and 1975, but they failed to last. Nationalists, supporters of the Irish Republican Army and others have grown tired of the Northern Ireland conflict, and celebrated the announcement of the cease-fire. The IRA has commanded its units to obey a complete halt of military actions. In the first public meeting between Gerry Adams (the leader of Sinn Fein), Albert Reynolds (the Irish Republic's prime minister), and John Hume (the leader of Northern Ireland's Catholic nationalist), the British government was not pleased with the stating of the cease-fire. The British government was warily optimistic about the conference. A political scandal led to the collapse of the Irish government in Dublin. Throughout the years, Dublin acted as a halfway house between the Irish, British and American governments. The prime minister Albert Reynolds was replaced by John Bruton. A terrorist, loyalist and Protestant militia called the Ulster Defense Association shot and killed a Catholic man. The loyalists work with the sympathetic Protestant officers in the Royal Ulster Constabulary. This proved that the IRA was not the only forceful group in the Northern Ireland crisis. The Protestant militia soon after the killing called a cease-fire. This group was responsible for more deaths than the IRA, in the two years before the cease-fire was called. Ian Paisley, a leader of the Ulster Unionist Party, protested that the IRA must surrender their arms before any contact between the IRA and the British government can proceed. Paisley also continued to disapprove the idea of representatives of Sinn Fein to take part in all the meetings dealing with the future of Northern Ireland. Gerry Adams and Britain negotiate over the matter of IRA disarmament. Adams argued that weapons of the British army and the Northern Irish police can be incorporated in the talks. The British government agreed to Adams request only if the cease-fire

Oil Spills essays

Oil Spills essays An oil spill can be defined as an accidental or deliberate dumping of oil or petroleum products into the ocean and its coastal waters, bays, and harbors, or onto land, or into rivers or lakes (Holum 1977). Between one and ten million metric tons (one metric ton is 1000 kilograms) of oil are put into the oceans every year. The oil is released, most often, in small yet consistent doses from tankers, industry, or on shore waste disposal (Boesh, Hersher, et al. 1974). Tanker spills cost the United States more than one hundred million dollars every year. Spill frequency increases proportionally with tonnage carried, in a linear manner. Non-tanker spills also increase linearly and account for thirty percent of all spills. The Atlantic area near Europe averages eight spills a year, the American area seven, and the Pacific two. Spills of more than ten thousand metric tons account for about two and a half percent of total spills, and spills above fifty thousand metric tons occur on ave rage once a year. The average spill size is around seven thousand metric tons (Smets 1982). If left alone, oil spills will eventually break up naturally. The natural degradation is influenced by temperature, wind, wave action, the thickness of the oil, the degree of dispersion, and the oils tendency to form emulsions with water (Smith 1968). There are eight primary processes in the natural degradation of oil. The first step is spreading and motion. This step can be broken down into three smaller steps: gravity, viscous forces, and surface tension. Gravity initially spreads the oil into an even layer across the surface. Viscous forces then take over and account for even more spreading. The oil is finally spread into a monomolecular slick by the surface tension of the water. The second step of natural degradation is evaporation. The amount of evaporation that occurs is dependent on how far the oil slick has spread. There is ...

Please feel free to add appropriate title, I couldn't think of Assignment

The Use of Social Media and the Internet to Provide Transparency in Services - Assignment Example Thus, firms are required to maintain transparency in providing information through online portals like social media. Facebook, Twitter, and other social sites are gaining popularity among global stakeholders. Such portals are used in accessing company data, financial figures and communicating with the management (Weinberg, 2009). Contemporary businesses are facing various challenges like the financial crisis and changing customer demands. Major firms are raising funds from equity market of different countries so firms are required to select the social media channels in terms of sharing their key information (DeJong, 2014). Stakeholders are seeking for virtual access financial and administrative content before investing in any organization. Information needs are increasing in the service sectors. In such segment, customers are requiring information on various factors like service features, value-added features, and pricing of service seasons. Such information will be helping customers in making the purchase decisions (Gordon & Armstrong, 2011). From the above graph, it has been observed that the peoples of 18-24 years age are using the social media majorly. However, peoples from all age groups are using social media. They are seeking for information on the service quality or price range. In the financial service segment, peoples are concerned about the risk of investment. Financial crisis reduced the potential for return and customers are seeking for actual and unbiased reviews on various investment funds. In case of hospitality and restaurant service customers are seeking for information regarding the physical evidence, service quality and charges (Gunawong, 2014). Social media is the best source of obtaining non-manipulated information regarding customer experience. Before the social media era peoples were able to access only company websites or empirical journal articles (Purdy, 2011). However, online or internet is having certain risk involved like the hacking.

Economics in an International Context Assignment

Economics in an International Context - Assignment Example According to Paul (2012), communism refers to the political and economical development model which was proposed by Karl Marx and later on supported by Lenin. The concept of the communism refers to the final part of the human historical development, where people are in charge of both the political as well as the economical system. In his book he also mentioned that according to Marxist theory, government can be defined as an instrument of class operation. Communism promises to provide each individual their needs despite of whatever class they belong to. According to Paul, command economy can also be referred as a planned economy. It can be defined as a specific economic system where the government has the power to control most or all the associated factors related to production. It generally exists when government decides to use the central planning system to allocate resources and funds as well as determine the volume of output across the segments. (Paul, 2012, p. 15). 2. Advantage o f Planned/ Command Economy: There are various advantages associated with command economy. In command economies, the central government control what and how much of most products will be produced. By controlling as well as deciding the prices and wages the central government also able to control and monitor how much of the production is allotted to each household. According to Katkoff (1961) The central government controls production and income in command economies. Due to this feature of command economies, the price could not be resolved based on how much would be the production and how much people’s demand is, In command economies, the price of the product is to always remain stable. In most planned economies, prices are determined by the policy makers. Hence, one major advantage of implementing the planned economy is that it is helpful to eliminate the chances of inflation and price fluctuations which are the two main challenges to the capitalist free market economies. Anot her important advantage associated with planned economy is the planned use of manpower, as well as the highest rate of social development (katkoff, 1961, pp.371-372). 3. Disadvantages of Planned/ Command Economy: According to Glisenberg (2001), a planned economy is with the character of satisfaction must. But, along with this advantage it also weakens the incentive as well as inspiration for the labor Because there is a rational system of condition for wants. Asa result it is almost impossible to allow a worker’s dependents to experience the full consequences of his or her lack of efficiency in production systems. The most recent example of this lack of employee motivation and responsibility situation was observed in China but later on in 1980 the great economic reform in the country helped them to overcome the situation. During the command economy phase , allocation of goods was depending on the labor hours and individuals were not responsible for the penalty of their works. As a result , the labor efficiency was much lower in China. According to his review, another key disadvantage associated with this type of economies was there were very less chances of technological innovations because they were not motivated to do so as there would be no obvious rewards for such good performance. The lack of competition also means that there are less efficient and innovative. As the main intention is non-profit so the mindset of improving as an aim as well as an employee also reduced drastically. Sometimes there are

People Behaviour Essay Example for Free

People Behaviour Essay Methodology is concern with both the detail research methods through with data is collected, and the more general philosophies upon which the collection and analysis of data are based. In methodology there are two types of research methods in which researchers can depend on when researching. These are â€Å"Quantitative† and â€Å"Qualitative† research. Quantitative research deals with a term which August Comte came up with, â€Å"Positivism.† This quantitative research deals with more scientific research than based on theory, it focuses on scientific methods of study. Despite the considerable influence of the ‘scientific’ approaches to sociological methodology, an alternative series of interpretive or qualitative approaches has long existed within sociology. Qualitative research often collects subjective data such as information about people’s emotions, feelings and values and also isn’t structure like quantitative research. Between both the ‘Quantitative and Qualitative research’, quantitative uses questionnaire to gather data. A questionnaire is a number of preset questions that can contain open-ended, fixed choice or combination of both types of questions. In this essay it would be shown that questionnaires cannot be used to capture the truth about people’s behaviour, but to an extent. In questionnaire research the same questions are usually given to respondents in the same order so that the same information can be collected from every member of the sample. There are many methods on how to distribute questionnaires. The first method would be the postal questionnaire, as the name suggests it is mailed to the respondents with a stamped address envelope for return to the researcher. Postal questionnaires are rather inexpensive, time consuming and has little less than fifty percent (50%) of  the questionnaires posted back. This would seriously bias the researcher research, since there may be systematic differences between those who returned questionnaires than those who did not. For example, the main response to a postal questionnaire on marital relationships might come from those experiencing marital problems and wish to air their grievance. If non-respondents were happily married, the researcher would be unjustified in making generalizations about married life on the basis of the return questionnaires. Therefore the researcher would not be able to analyse the questions clearly and would not be able to analyse properly the married couples who are happy, sad, frustrated or even devoice, because of the lack of questionnaires missing from married couples. Apart from the first method, the second method has a far higher return rate than the postal. This is because it is to administer the questionnaire to a group such as a class of students or workers at a union meeting. This method is less expensive and maintains the advantage of the presence of an interviewer. However, the interviewer must ensure that the respondents do not discuss anything while doing the questionnaire, due to the researcher would like the respondent own view and not from the help of others. This would therefore give the researcher an image towards how the respondent expresses themselves towards the questions within the questionnaire. The first two (2) methods that were stated above both used questionnaires mainly the first through postal and the second has an interviewer present at the time the questionnaires were given out. This method in the other hand is done through the telephone. This is mostly used in conducting of market research for companies, but it is not usually regarded satisfactory by sociologist. According to (Aldridge and Levine, 2001), it is hard to establish rapport in such interviews, disadvantage groups tend to be under-represented in samples, it is difficult to ask sensitive questions, respondents cannot be expected to remember a wide range of possible answers to fixed-choice questions, and visual aids cannot be used. This may make the respondent very uncomfortable and due to that they would not be willing to cooperate and answer the telephone questionnaire.  Therefore this may make it very hard on the researcher due to he or she would not be able to gain a proper response from the responden t. The fourth possibility is to administer questionnaires by e-mail. According to (Geoff Payne and Judy Payne, 2004), this may be a useful way of conducting dispersed groups of people, or those who might not wish to be questioned face-to-face. For example, it has been used in a study of people who committed self-harm. Although this method has its advantages, it also has its disadvantages. A problem of this is that genuine anonymity is difficult to assure since it is possible to track the source of an emailed response. Another big problem may be that the sample is restricted to those with access to computers and may therefore be unrepresentative, although the significance of this will diminish as the number of people without email and internet fails. This therefore would be a problem to the researcher because he or she may not be able to interpret the behaviour of the respondent towards the questionnaire and also the respondent may not take on the research seriously. These things hinder the researcher from collecting data towards his or her research. There are many reasons towards why questionnaires are inappropriate to capture the behaviour of people. But there are one or two reasons that could help the research in that, but only up to an extent. The second method that was stated can be of use in this by the interviewer watching every one’s reaction towards the questionnaire. This can determine the respondent answer by the feedback he or she gave during reading the questions. In conclusion, questionnaires can be used to capture people’s behaviour but to an extent. Yet it have been shown in this essay that you cannot simply capture someone behaviour with the use of questionnaires. It is due because the respondent can lie during the questionnaire or even the researcher would not get back a proper feedback to determine the respondent answer. In the end it has been shown that questionnaires cannot capture peoples’ behaviour.

Acupuncture Essay -- Health Medical China Argumentative Essays

Acupuncture The traditional Chinese treatment of acupuncture is an affective alternative medicine that has been around for thousands of years. Acupuncture is one of the most researched and documented alternative medicines around (Acupuncture). Although a vast majority of people believe Western medicine is the only cure to sickness, many people benefit from acupuncture everyday. Most people disregard the ancient art all together without giving it a chance because are scared of the needles it involves. Also, since no accurate scientific explanation of how and why it works has been found, people shy away from it. The healing powers of the body are taken to a whole different level with this alternative medicine. Ancient roots of acupuncture can be traced back to archeology five thousand years ago. Its written existence has been around for about two thousand five hundred years (Dr. Michael). Acupuncture was discovered during the Chinese Empire in the Yuan dynasty which lasted from 1264 to 1368 CE (Felt). Statues of acupuncture were made during this time period and served as the base of date for the oriental medicine. Traditional acupuncture uses sterilized needles which are inserted into various acupuncture points in the human body. The needles can be anywhere from a half an inch to several inches long and produce stimulation inside the body (See). Sometimes, the needles are stirred around once inserted to speed up stimulation. In modern acupuncture, electrical stimulators are used to increase the amount of stimulation (Dr. Michael). The acupuncture points stimulated depends on a patient’s individual needs and treatment expectations. This oriental medicine is one of the safest ways to be cured of a sickness. It has no major side effects. One might experience a little pain or dizziness during the first few seconds of the first treatment, but this is rare. These side effects only occur if a patient is nervous or scared to be treated (RH). Acupuncture can cure everything Western medicine can, from diseases to back pain, without the dangerous, sometimes life-threatening side effects. Many patients turn to acupuncture as a last resort and find closure in its effectiveness. â€Å"My daughter and son have never taken a pill in their lives; acupuncture has cured all of their [health] problems† (Dr. Michael.). Acupuncture is individual based. It is a very â€Å"c... ...uman body is a sacred, complicated thing which can only be done by nature and God. In the book Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, Victor Frankenstein gets ahead of himself and takes on a task bigger than life itself, creating life. He forgets how sacred the creation of the body is and tries to create an ideal human for fame. Of course, the outcome was horrific and Victor paid for his actions for the rest of his life. Acupuncture doesn’t allow people to get ahead of themselves like Victor did; the way of thinking brought about is that of a natural sense. The techniques of the alternative medicine allow people to remember how magnificent and sacred the human body is and realize that it cannot be created through lab work or perfected through medicine. With Western medicine, patients can take up to four or five medications before finding one that suits their needs and most can have many life threatening side effects. With acupuncture, it is one procedure and one attempt to heal a patient with NO major side effects. Acupuncture is a unique ancient art that is backed by thousands of years of Chinese thought and research and has been proven affective for many people and their illnesses. Acupuncture Essay -- Health Medical China Argumentative Essays Acupuncture The traditional Chinese treatment of acupuncture is an affective alternative medicine that has been around for thousands of years. Acupuncture is one of the most researched and documented alternative medicines around (Acupuncture). Although a vast majority of people believe Western medicine is the only cure to sickness, many people benefit from acupuncture everyday. Most people disregard the ancient art all together without giving it a chance because are scared of the needles it involves. Also, since no accurate scientific explanation of how and why it works has been found, people shy away from it. The healing powers of the body are taken to a whole different level with this alternative medicine. Ancient roots of acupuncture can be traced back to archeology five thousand years ago. Its written existence has been around for about two thousand five hundred years (Dr. Michael). Acupuncture was discovered during the Chinese Empire in the Yuan dynasty which lasted from 1264 to 1368 CE (Felt). Statues of acupuncture were made during this time period and served as the base of date for the oriental medicine. Traditional acupuncture uses sterilized needles which are inserted into various acupuncture points in the human body. The needles can be anywhere from a half an inch to several inches long and produce stimulation inside the body (See). Sometimes, the needles are stirred around once inserted to speed up stimulation. In modern acupuncture, electrical stimulators are used to increase the amount of stimulation (Dr. Michael). The acupuncture points stimulated depends on a patient’s individual needs and treatment expectations. This oriental medicine is one of the safest ways to be cured of a sickness. It has no major side effects. One might experience a little pain or dizziness during the first few seconds of the first treatment, but this is rare. These side effects only occur if a patient is nervous or scared to be treated (RH). Acupuncture can cure everything Western medicine can, from diseases to back pain, without the dangerous, sometimes life-threatening side effects. Many patients turn to acupuncture as a last resort and find closure in its effectiveness. â€Å"My daughter and son have never taken a pill in their lives; acupuncture has cured all of their [health] problems† (Dr. Michael.). Acupuncture is individual based. It is a very â€Å"c... ...uman body is a sacred, complicated thing which can only be done by nature and God. In the book Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, Victor Frankenstein gets ahead of himself and takes on a task bigger than life itself, creating life. He forgets how sacred the creation of the body is and tries to create an ideal human for fame. Of course, the outcome was horrific and Victor paid for his actions for the rest of his life. Acupuncture doesn’t allow people to get ahead of themselves like Victor did; the way of thinking brought about is that of a natural sense. The techniques of the alternative medicine allow people to remember how magnificent and sacred the human body is and realize that it cannot be created through lab work or perfected through medicine. With Western medicine, patients can take up to four or five medications before finding one that suits their needs and most can have many life threatening side effects. With acupuncture, it is one procedure and one attempt to heal a patient with NO major side effects. Acupuncture is a unique ancient art that is backed by thousands of years of Chinese thought and research and has been proven affective for many people and their illnesses.

Case Study 1: What’s the Buzz on Smart Grids?

CASE STUDY 1: What's the Buzz on Smart Grids? 1. How do smart grids differ from the current electricity infrastructure in the United States? Current electricity grids do not provide any information about how consumers actually use energy. That makes it difficult to develop more efficient approaches to distribution. The current system offers few ways to handle power provided by alternative energy sources. Without useful information, energy companies and consumers have difficulty making good decisions about using energy wisely. A smart grid delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using digital technology to †¢ save energy reduce costs †¢ increase reliability and transparency The smart grid enables information to flow back and forth between electric power providers and consumers and †¢ allows both consumers and energy companies to make more intelligent decisions regarding energy consumption and production. †¢ provides information that would help utilities ra ise prices when demand is high and lower them when demand lessens. †¢ helps consumers program high-use electrical appliances like heating and air conditioning consumption times usage systems to reduce during of peak usage. could possibly lead to a five to fifteen percent decrease in energy consumption. 2. What management, organization, and technology issues should be considered when developing a smart grid? Management: Information feedback would allow consumers to see how much energy they are consuming at any moment and how much it’s costing them. That would allow them to make better decisions about using appliances like air conditioners and furnaces. They could potentially lower their energy bills. However, governments and energy companies need to help consumers overcome the intrusive feelings associated with the technology.Dashboard monitoring software must be easy for consumers to understand and use. Organizations: There are many disincentives for energy companies ass ociated with smart grids. Operating budgets and profits would be severely impacted if consumers greatly reduced their energy consumption. Implementation costs would be extremely high, even with federal government assistance. Consumer backlash is already evident in the few experimental cases to date. Without properly structuring the implementation, that backlash could grow against the energy companies.Technology: Networks and switches for power management, sensor and monitoring devices to track energy usage and distribution trends; systems to provide energy suppliers and consumers with usage data, communications systems to relay data along the entire energy supply system, and systems linked to programmable appliances to run them when energy is least costly, are all expensive and time consuming to retrofit into all the homes across the nation. Basically, the entire energy infrastructure would require retrofitting. 3.What challenge to the development of smart grids do you think is most likely to hamper their development? Some challenges to the development of smart grids include: †¢ Changing the infrastructure of the entire electric grid across the nation †¢ Installing two-way meters that allow information to flow both to and from homes and businesses †¢ Creating dashboards that are user-friendly †¢ Extremely high costs of retrofitting the entire grid infrastructure, estimated to be as high as $75 billion †¢ Potential intrusiveness of new technology †¢ Perceived and real loss of privacy Potential economic impact on energy companies 4. What other areas of our infrastructure could benefit from ‘smart’ technologies? Describe one example not listed in the case. One example that could benefit from smart similar to the electric grids is monitoring water usage in homes and businesses. Smart technologies could allow water utilities and consumers to †¢ Monitor water flows much like electric usage †¢ Turn off lawn sprinkl ers during the heat of the day or based on predetermined schedules †¢ Use monitors in lawns and around plants and shrubs to prevent over- or under-watering †¢ Monitor evaporation rates Monitor fountains, and other water for usage pools, features of usage 5. Would you like your home and your community to be part of a smart grid? Why or why not? Explain. Yes, I would like my home to incorporate the new smart grid technology because it offers to save energy, reduce cost, and increase reliability. Understandably, there may be costs associated with this production such as maintenance, installation, etc. However, I would be willing to pay a little extra up front if I would be saving a lot more throughout its usage. Not to mention helping the environment would not be a bad incentive.

Business Ethics and Organizational Culture Free Essay Example, 1250 words

usiness Ethics and Organizational Culture of Enron Business Ethics and Organizational Culture of Enron Business is needed by people to earn money as money is involved in the selling of goods and services. Selling is not the only aspect of business because many processes are needed to conduct a business. Entrepreneurs and customers are not the only people involved in business as huge businesses like malls and corporations require employees to run the whole businesses. In having employees working for a company, ethics and culture mold them to work together towards the organizational goals. Ethics and culture are parts of the corporate world, but both of them are also found outside of the business and corporate context. It would help to define both concepts as they will both guide the discussion later on about a controversial company and how both ethics and culture were bended and changed. The first concept is that ethics which is part of philosophy that serves as guide on how to liv e in terms of the concept of goodness or between right and wrong (Pojman and Fieser, 2012, p. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Ethics and Organizational Culture or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now 2). The action is being judged as the motive affects the action and the outcome is checked as to whether it is good or bad. As people spend time to learn and explore the world, they seek the truth which gave birth to philosophy and pursues the integrity of the actions as Socrates said, â€Å"the unexamined life is not worth living, † (Pojman and Fieser, 2012, p. 2). The focus of ethics is the reflection and study of actions and motives as seen in the famous quotation of Socrates. With that pursuit, ethics is correlated with morality or moral philosophy as they deal with the right and wrong conduct, but ethics is larger than morality as the latter is just a portion of the former (Keim, 2000, p. 180). Since ethics affects decision and choice as guided by whether an action is good or bad, it can shape the culture of people. Culture allows men to survive as deals with the physical and sociological realms of life as people of the same group have the same behavior (Ayisi, 1992, p. 2). In short, culture is a way of life as people respond for learning and survival in their everyday lives. According to Hofstede, another definition of culture is â€Å"the collective programming of the human mind that distinguishes the members of one human group from those of another, † (Wagner, 2009, p. 2). Culture is said to be a mindset of a group of people as they adapt to their environment and as they interact with one another.

Symptoms And Treatment Of Postpartum Depression - 1902 Words

Postpartum Depression The risk factors, symptoms and treatment methods Pregnancy and childbirth is a miraculous part of everyday life. The female body is able to carry a developing baby and bring another life into the world. However along with this great phenomenon, can come illness and mood disorders. Postpartum Depression is a serious and very common mental health problem that affects women after giving birth. It is a period of time when the new mother experiences changes in her hormonal level and develops signs of depression. Based on previous medical and personal history, certain women are believed to be at a high risk for Postpartum Depression. The DSM lists multiple symptoms of Postpartum Depression that are similar to those of other depression mood disorders. Research and experiments have been done to learn more about the risks, symptoms and treatment methods of Postpartum Depression. It is important to note that the determination for women at risk of Postpartum Depression is very difficult to define. However different meta-analyses have shown that there are mild or even strong associations between certain risk factors and women with Postpartum Depression (Kettunen et al. 2014). Such risk factors are a history of depression, stressful and traumatic life events, poor marital relationships and poor social support. Interestingly, some stressful life events such as an unplanned pregnancy and difficult child temperaments are not as strongly associated with postpartum.Show MoreRelatedPostpartum Depression : Symptoms And Treatment1700 Words   |  7 PagesWhen Postpartum Depression Leads to Psychosis According to authors Susan Dowd Stone and Alexis E. Menken postpartum depression can start during pregnancy which is called perinatal disorder (2008). During pregnancy, women can suffer through mood disorders which are a leading cause of postpartum depression. Women who are screened and diagnosed for depression are most likely to have postpartum depression. Doctors know to keep a close watch on these women who are found positive for depression. AfterRead MorePostpartum Depression : Symptoms And Treatments1518 Words   |  7 Pages2015). These are mild symptoms of depression and usually go away within two weeks after giving birth. However, the symptoms of unspecified depressive disorder with peripartum onset also known as postpartum depression (PPD) can be more intense and last significantly longer than the â€Å"baby blues.† According to the DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association [APA] 2013), postpartum depression occurs during pregnancy or in the 4 weeks following deli very. Postpartum depression has symptoms that cause clinicallyRead MorePostpartum Depression : Symptoms And Treatment Essay2158 Words   |  9 PagesPostpartum Depression is depression that occurs after performing childbirth. This condition is often mistaken for the â€Å"baby blues† which has similar symptoms such as tearfulness, extreme sadness, anxiety, self-doubt, and fatigue. However, the â€Å"baby blues† goes away within a few weeks after and unlike the â€Å"baby blues†, postpartum depression can cause suicidal thoughts, difficulty making decisions, and feeling too exhausted to get out of bed for hours. If postpartum depression is not treated properlyRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Postpartum Depression2232 Words   |  9 PagesResearch Postpartum depression affects about 13% of new mothers within the first year after childbirth (Marrs, 2013). Every year there are nearly 4 million births and approximately 1 in 7 women experience postpartum depression (â€Å"Postpartum Depression-ACOG†, 2013). When a woman is screened for PPD, they are typically evaluated after giving birth and approximately 4-6 weeks after delivery. Screening can include the use of Postnatal questionnaires to determine the severity of the depression and the treatmentRead MorePostpartum Depression : Symptoms And Treatments Essay1101 Words   |  5 PagesDepression Postpartum in United States According to Merriam Webster Dictionary, depression is â€Å"a psychoneurotic or psychotic disorder marked especially by sadness, inactivity, difficulty in thinking and concentration, a significant increase or decrease in appetite and time spent sleeping, feelings of dejection and hopelessness, and sometimes suicidal tendencies.† According to the definition of the fourth version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), postpartum depressionRead MorePostpartum Depression : Symptoms And Treatment2159 Words   |  9 Pages Postpartum Depression Monica Hufford Eastern Florida State College Spring 2016 Total Word Count Postpartum Depression This paper give a in depth description of five different articles, all with the main subject being postpartum depression. The first three description are of experiments that have been carried out on postpartum depression, in the explanation of these journals the purpose, hypothesis, procedures, participants, results and limitations will be discussed. The last twoRead MoreInformative Speech961 Words   |  4 PagesInformative Outline Topic: â€Å"Postpartum Depression† General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform the audience about Postpartum Depression Thesis: Postpartum depression is a mood disorder that can greatly effect new mothers. Knowing how to recognize their symptoms and treating it can greatly increase chances of a healthy, happy living. Attention Getter: Imagine a bright sunny morning, lite clouds low chances of rain which is a great example of a perfect day. You receive a call from someoneRead MorePathophysiology And Effects Of Postpartum Depression1528 Words   |  7 PagesRhetoric Professor Jaffe The Pathophysiology Effects of Postpartum Depression After childbirth, around 85% of women experience some sort of mood change. For most, the symptoms, following childbirth are minor and brief, otherwise known as the baby blues. Though, 10 to 15% of a woman’s baby blues manifests and develops into postpartum depression and in extreme circumstances, psychosis (Zonana, J., Gorman, J., 2005). Postpartum depression is a multifaceted phenomenon with various components. ThisRead MorePostpartum Depression And Postpartum Psychosis1135 Words   |  5 PagesPostpartum Depression vs Postpartum Psychosis 1. Postpartum Depression vs Postpartum Psychosis 2. Faith Williams 3. Comp 1 4. Abstract Ongoing sleep deprivation, the intense experience of birth, radical role shifts, and hormonal fluctuations all collide to produce mood swings, irritability, and feelings of being overwhelmed in the majority of mothers. While as many as 80% experience some form of the â€Å"baby blues,† a smaller percentage experience Postpartum Depression, with even fewer momsRead Moreâ€Å"Postpartum Depression Affects 10% To 20% Of Women After1612 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Postpartum depression affects 10% to 20% of women after delivery, regardless of maternal age, race, parity, socioeconomic status, or level of education†.( Consise) Postpartum depression is a major depression episode that occurs after childbirth affecting not only the mother but also the child and family members. After the delivery of the placenta extending for about six weeks this is considered as as the postpartum period. This a critical period for the mother and new born physiological and

Belonging Research At The College Level - 1467 Words

The majority of belonging research at the college level has focused on the campus community and promoting belongingness among minority students (Strayhorn 2010; Strayhorn Saddler 2009; Walton Cohen 2011). From an academic and social view, belonging can be defined as a feeling of college belonging, college identity, connectedness, and intellectual competence. These are moments that do not always occur in the classroom. It can happen anywhere a student makes contact with other students and faculty to become involved in opportunities for engagement and learn success strategies (Hughes, Karp, O’Gara, 2009). A sense of belonging also involves one’s personal belief that one is an accepted member of an academic community whose presence†¦show more content†¦The seminal works of Spady (1970) first focused on the precursor concept of integration in higher education by adapting Durkheim’s (1951) social causation theory to create a model for college dropouts. Later, Tinto’s (1993) theory of student departure was developed to provide a framework for understanding what factors and environments impact a student’s decision to drop out. Tinto (1993) theorized that the first-year semester is a prime environment for students to consider social integration and campus engagement. Tinto’s (1993) theory of student departure is a longitudinal model that explains the interaction between the student and the institution which results in individuals dropping out, and identifies the factors that result in different types of dropout behavior. Although Tinto’s Theory of Student Departure is more than thirty years old, numerous authors, such as, Hu Ma (2010), Lee Choi (2011), Hu, McCormick, Gonya (2012) have elaborated on the impact of how it contribute to the study of student retention. These authors concluded from their studies, that the Tinto’s Theory of Student Departure helped to enrich the understanding of st udent persistence in college. A mixed-method study by Morrow Ackermann (2012) evaluated the importance of a sense of belonging and motivation in predicting intention to persist in college, and retention of students from their first to second year. One hundred and fifty-six

Equality Before The Law Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Is equality before the law an empty concept for a self-represented litigant? Answer: The fundamental concept of the legal system is equality before law. The judges in the court administers an oath before entering into the offices and promises to abide by thelaw and comply all relevant provisions of law without discriminating against sex, religion or biasness. The judges must use fairness in dealing with the litigants irrespective of their gender, caste, sex, religion, economic background and other characteristics. The judicial officers must respect and show courtesy to the pillars oflaw making body and law enforcing body of the state. Equality before law does not mean to have similar treatment it means equal treatment before the law. Everybody who comes into contact with the court framework irrespective of represented or self-represented not only be dealt fairly but also without any form of discrimination[1]. The judges or the judicial officers should be neutral towards any possible biasness in respect to people from any background. The judges are there to support th e legal system of the country. Therefore, they should not indulge or involve in any activity which will treat any people on the basis of assumption that the people from that particular group will do such act. The Federal Court of Australia states that the court should provide a wide range of services to the self represented litigants. The court should provide services to the self represented litigants by providing assistance through the concerning them with the courts practice and procedure[2]. The Australian Justice System states that every litigant has the role and responsibility to put their case before the court in the best possible manner. The Civil Justice System considers that all parties should have the right to represent their own case. Bibliography: Flaherty, Michelle, "Self-Represented Litigants: A Sea Change In Adjudication"SSRN Electronic Journal. Goldschmidt, Jona and Loretta Stalans, "Lawyers Perceptions Of The Fairness Of Judicial Assistance To Self-Represented Litigants " (2012) 30Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice. "Lawyers Perceptions Of The Fairness Of Judicial Assistance To Self-Represented Litigants" (2012) 30Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice.

There will come soft rains Essay Example For Students

There will come soft rains Essay There will come soft rains (War Time) There will come soft rains and the smell of the ground,And swallows circling with their shimmering sound;And frogs in the pools singing at night,And wild plum-trees in tremulous white. Robins will wear their feathery fireWhistling their whims on a low fence-wire;And not one will know of the war, not oneNot one would mind, neither bird not tree,And spring herself, when she woke at dawn,Would scarcely know that we were gone. â€Å"There will come soft rains†, by Sara Teasdale, talks about the theme of how mankind is detriment to the life cycle of nature, rather than being good for it. Teasdale uses the literary techniques rhyming, alliteration, personification, and imagery to bring out the theme. The mood of the poem is quietness and the author’s attitude towards humans is that they are bad for nature. These affects bring the theme out great. Teasdale rhymes every two lines of her poem and separates the rhyming matches from each other. â€Å"Ground† and â€Å"sound† rhyme as well as â€Å"night† and â€Å"white†. So do â€Å"fire† with â€Å"wire† and â€Å"one† with â€Å"done†. The rhyming is used thoroughly without skimping a single line. Along with rhyming there is definite alliteration. The repetition of the letters can be picked up easily. In the first two lines â€Å"s† is repeated. The words â€Å"soft†, â€Å"sm ell†, â€Å"swallows†, â€Å"shimmering† all start with â€Å"s†. Then in the third pairing of two lines, the letter â€Å"w† is repeated. The words â€Å"will†, â€Å"wear†, â€Å"whistling†, â€Å"whims† all start with â€Å"w†. The alliteration corresponds with the personification of the poem. â€Å"Whistling†, which is part of that alliteration is also a personification given to the robins. The â€Å"frogs singing†, and the â€Å"robins wearing their feathery† fire are also personifications. The first three techniques kind of add up to give the effect of imagery. Imagery is everywhere on this poem. The â€Å"soft rains with the smell of the ground†, â€Å"robins wear their feathery fire† and â€Å"frogs singing at night† all are examples of imagery identified in the poem. All these techniques add up to back up the theme of humans being a detriment to nature and how they would not be missed. We will write a custom essay on There will come soft rains specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Bibliography:

New Trade Theory Paul Krugmans Contributions Essay Example

New Trade Theory: Paul Krugmans Contributions Paper Paul Robin Krugman,  born February 28, 1953 is an American  economist, Professor of Economics and International Affairs at the  Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs  at  Princeton University, Centenary Professor at the  London School of Economics, and an  op-ed  columnist  for  The New York Times. In 2008, Krugman won the  Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics  for his contributions to  New Trade Theory  and New Economic Geography. He was voted sixth in a 2005 global poll of the worlds top 100 intellectuals by  Prospect. According to the Nobel Prize Committee, the prize was given for Krugmans work explaining the patterns of  international trade  and the geographic concentration of wealth, by examining the impact of  economies of scale  and of consumer preferences for diverse goods and services. Krugman is known in academia for his work on  international economics  (including trade theory, economic geography, and international finance),  liquidity traps and currency crises. According to the  IDEAS/RePEc  rankings, he is among the thirteen most widely cited economists in the world today. As of 2008, Krugman has written 20 books and has published over 200 scholarly articles in professional journals and edited volumes. He has also written more than 750 columns dealing with current economic and political issues for  The New York Times. Krugmans  International Economics: Theory and Policy, co-authored with  Maurice Obstfeld, is a standard college  textbook  on international economics. He also writes on political and economic topics for the general public, as well as on topics ranging from  income distribution  to international economics. We will write a custom essay sample on New Trade Theory: Paul Krugmans Contributions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on New Trade Theory: Paul Krugmans Contributions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on New Trade Theory: Paul Krugmans Contributions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Krugman considers himself a  liberal, calling one of his books and his  New York Times  blog â€Å"The Conscience of a Liberal†. INTERNATIONAL TRADE International trade is exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories. While international trade has been present throughout much of history (see Silk Road, Amber Road), its economic, social, and political importance has been on the rise in recent centuries. Industrialization, advanced transportation, globalization, multinational corporations, and outsourcing are all having a major impact on the international trade system. Increasing international trade is crucial to the continuance of globalization. Without international trade, nations would be limited to the goods and services produced within their own borders. International trade is in principle not different from domestic trade as the motivation and the behavior of parties involved in a trade do not change fundamentally regardless of whether trade is across a border or not. The main difference is that international trade is typically more costly than domestic trade. The reason is that a border typically imposes additional costs such as tariffs, time costs due to border delays and costs associated with country differences such as language, the legal system or culture. Another difference between domestic and international trade is that factors of production such as capital and labor are typically more mobile within a country than across countries. HISTORY OF TRADE THEORIES 1) BARTER: It was the earliest form of trade. When human beings started agriculture it was only to fulfil their needs. However they started creating a surplus of the farm product they were farming. They were faced with the question: â€Å"What to do with the excess products? † Then they soon realized that other farmers who produced other products were also producing it in excess. To have the best of both sides, the farmers exchanged their farm products and this gave rise to the system of barter. As time passed and with the discovery of money (gold coins) this system of exchange of goods became less prominent. As the imperial society became developed and Kings becoming ruler of the land, it led to another system of trade i. e. Mercantilism. 2) MERCANTILISM Mercantilism is like a communist type of economy. The King is responsible for deciding which goods are to be traded and where. The imperial ruler would conquer lands and establish their colony and trade over there. Example- England, France, Portugal, Spain etc. Mercantilism is an economic theory that holds that the prosperity of a nation is dependent upon its supply of capital, and that the global volume of international trade is unchangeable. Economic assets (or capital) are represented by bullion (gold, silver, and trade value) held by the state, which is best increased through a positive balance of trade with other nations (exports minus imports). The theory assumes that wealth and monetary assets are identical. Mercantilism suggests that the ruling government should advance these goals by playing a protectionist role in the economy by encouraging exports and discouraging imports, notably through the use of subsidies and tariffs respectively. Mercantilism, which reached its height in the Europe of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, was a system which employed economic fallacy to build up a structure of imperial state power, as well as special subsidy and monopolistic privilege to individuals or groups favoured by the state. Academic belief in mercantilism began to fade in the late 18th century, especially in England, in light of the arguments of Adam Smith and the classical economists which  brought  Ã‚   about  ideas  of  free trade as an alternative system. Mercantilism never returned to popularity among economists as the principle Comparative Advantage shows the gains from international trade. 3) ADAM SMITH Adam Smith is known world over as the world’s first free-market capitalist and the father of modern economics. He also popularized what is known today as ‘classical economics’. Laissez-faire and the idea that an ‘invisible hand’ guides ‘supply’ and ‘demand’ are the key ideas Smith’s writing is responsible for promoting. These ideas reflect the concept that each person, by looking out for him- or herself, inadvertently helps to create the best outcome for all. It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker, that we can expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest, Smith wrote. By selling products that people want to buy, the butcher, brewer and baker hope to make money. If they are effective in meeting the needs of their customers, they will enjoy the financial rewards. While they are engaging in their enterprises for the purpose of earning money, they are also providing products that people want. Such a system, Smith argued, creates wealth not just for the butcher, brewer and baker, but for the nation as whole when that nation is populated with citizens working productively to better themselves and address their financial needs. Adam Smith is also credited for writing the ‘An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations’, a massive work of 2 volumes divided into 5 books. The ideas it promoted generated international attention and helped to drive the move from land-based wealth to wealth created by assembly-line production methods driven by division of labour. The reason for the successful acceptance of Adam Smith’s Theory of free trade without government interference was that the traders were tired of working with the sovereign. They made a lot of losses and found it much better to trade without any interference. As a result they earned a lot of profits and this trade model became well established. Still till today Adam Smith’s trade theory is being used. It is the fundamental basis of many trade theories. Poverty which was not being removed by this theory was the main drawback of it. 4) DAVID RICARDO’S THEORY OF COMPARATIVE EDGE: David Ricardo’s theory was very simple. If there are two countries trading then the two of them will trade in such a way: If country A specializes in industrial sector and country B specializes in agricultural sector then country A will concentrate more on its industrial sector rather than its agricultural sector. Similarly country B will concentrate on its agricultural sector rather than its industrial sector. Thus country A will export its industrial products to country B and country B will export its agricultural products to country A. Example-Japan being a small island and having a good infrastructure concentrates on it automobile industry while it depends on neighbouring South East Asian countries for most of the agricultural goods. 5) HECKSHER-OHLIN MODEL The Heckscher–Ohlin model (H–O model) is a general equilibrium mathematical model of international trade, developed by Eli Heckscher and Bertil Ohlin. The theory expands David Ricardos theory of comparative advantage. The model essentially says that countries will export products that utilize their abundant and cheap factor(s) of production and import products that utilize the countries scarce factor(s). The model instead of using the words of â€Å"specialization of country† uses the â€Å"concept of labour and capital of a country† to expand the simple model of David Ricardo. Assumptions of Heckscher-Ohlin Model The Heckscher-Ohlin model is based on the following assumptions: †¢ Countries involved in international trade differ in terms of factor abundance. One country needs to be labor-abundant and the other country being capital-abundant. †¢ Commodities can be categorized in terms of factor intensity. One commodity is labor-intensive and the other commodity is capital-intensive. This in turn implies that there is no possibility of factor intensity reversal. †¢ Both the countries involved in trade use same production technology and identical ranking of factor intensity of commodities. †¢ Both countries are assumed to have identical demand conditions. †¢ Production is carried out as per the CRS production function. †¢ Perfect competition persists in both countries. Open trade or free trade policy is followed in both the countries. In simple words Hecksher-Ohlin say that the capital-abundant country will export capital-intensive commodity and import labour-intensive commodity and the labour-abundant country will export labour-intensive commodity and import capital-intensive commodity. Hecksher-Ohlin till Paul Kru gman’s NTT was the most accepted trade theory. But it had taken many assumptions and hence was also criticized. The Hecksher-Ohlin model also won a Nobel Prize. Example- Bangladesh has a lot of labour and hence produces garments which require more labour. India with respect to Bangladesh has more capital in the ‘small car’ industry and hence exports cars to Bangladesh which in turn exports garments to India. SHORT COMINGS OF HECKSHER-OHLIN MODEL Even though the model was one of the widely accepted trade model, it still failed to explain many phenomena: 1. China did not follow a free trade policy, yet it was developing and growing very fast. 2. Even though Bangladesh exported garments to India, India itself was able to export its garments made to other countries. 3. Germany although had BMW, Volkswagen, Mercedes Benz to make cars, yet it imported cars from Renault in France. 4. America even though it had Ford still imported cars of Toyota and Honda from Japan. 5. England even though it did not grow cotton was one of the biggest producers of cloth. These were some of the questions that Hecksher-Ohlin and any other trade models could not answer. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT NEW TRADE THEORY To explain these phenomena and to remove the assumptions, the economists of the world tried to make a new theory. This theory was called New Trade Theory. All Paul Krugman did not play a part in the initial forming of the theory, but in 1979 his paper made the most significant and valuable contribution with respect to the NTT. Hence it is now a days called Paul Krugman’s New Trade Theory. Concept: New Trade Theory (NTT) is a collection of economic models in international trade which focuses on the role of increasing returns to scale and network effects, which were developed in the late 1970s and early 1980s. New Trade Theory is the economic critique of international free trade from the perspective of increasing returns to scale and the network effect. Some economists have asked whether it might be effective for a nation to shelter infant industries until they had grown to sufficient size to compete internationally. New Trade theorists challenge the assumption of diminishing returns to scale, and some argue that using protectionist measures to build up a huge industrial base in certain industries will then allow those sectors to dominate the world market (via a Network effect). They wondered whether free trade would have prevented the development of the Japanese auto industries in the 1950s, when quotas and regulations prevented import competition. Japanese companies were encouraged to import foreign production technology but were required to produce 90 percent of parts domestically within five years. It is said that the short-term hardship of Japanese consumers (who were unable to buy the superior vehicles produced by the world market) was more than compensated for by the long-term benefits to producers, who gained time to out-compete their international rivals. New Trade theorists relaxed the assumption of constant returns to scale. It used protectionist measures to build up a huge industrial base in certain industries and then allowed those sectors to dominate the world market. CONTRIBUTION OF PAUL KRUGMAN IN NTT(BRIEF) In brief : In the Krugman model, every firm is the same, though they each produce different products. Models with heterogeneous firms really didnt take off in the field until recently. Essentially the theory contends that there are increasing, rather than decreasing returns to scale. We observe this all the time with technology products where the so-called network effect creates larger returns as the network gets larger. It is sometimes used as a justification for protecting developing industries from competition on grounds that once those industries have reached a takeover mass, the returns will be larger than if they had to develop in a competitive environment. Now, moving on to explain the Old trade theory, we can say that it is what we probably learned when we took to introduce economics. Countries are different – they have different levels of productivity in particular industries, they have different resources, and those differences drive trade. Tropical countries grow and export bananas, temperate countries grow and export wheat. Countries with highly educated workers export high-tech goods, countries with less educated workers export shirts and pyjamas. The new trade theory starts with the observation that while this explains a lot of world trade, it also misses a lot. France and Germany sell lots of stuff to each other, even though they have similar climates and resources; so do the United States and Canada. The answer is that there are many goods that aren’t like wheat or bananas, but are instead likewide-bodied jet aircraft. There are, enormous economies of scale – you only want a couple of factories worldwide. Those factories have to be somewhere,and those countries that get the factories export jets, while everyone else imports them. But who gets the aircraft factories, or the factory producing a specialized kind of machine tool? This is explained by new trade theory –There are many economies-of-scale goods; everyone gets some of them; and the details, which may be largely a story of historical accident, aren’t important. What matters, instead, is the overall pattern of trade: the broad pattern of what countries produce is determined by things like resources and climate, but there’s a lot of additional specialization due to economies of scale, and there’s much more trade, especially between similar countries, than from a purely resource-based theory. All this seems obvious, and it is still obvious, but it was totally not obvious before 1980 or so, except for some prescient quotes from Paul Samuelson. The two main things that Paul Krugman pointed out in his paper were: a. Consumers want diverse choice of products. b. Production favours economies of scale. These two were the main basis on which the problems of the Hecksher-Ohlin model were explained. In the next two chapters we will see the role of these two points in detail. CONSUMERS WANT DIVERSE CHOICE The first question that the old theories failed to answer was that why countries who specialize in one product export it as well as import it. To explain this Paul Krugman gave the reason of consumer choice. He tells us that the consumer wants choice. the taste and preference of different consumers is different. To fulfil this choice the countries had to import certain goods even though it was well efficient in producing the same product. Let us understand this theory of Paul Krugman using examples: 1. America has Ford which is well efficient in making good cars. However Japan also exports cars to the US. The reason is that not all people of the US want the cars made by Ford. Even though the pricing and technology of both cars of Ford and that of Japan are same, people still buy both cars of Japan as well as US, 2. The same is the case in Japan and Germany. Inspite of having the best automobile industry both Japan and Germany also import cars. 3. France is a wine loving nation and hence it produces wine only. However some people also like beer, so to cater to them, France has to import Beer from Germany. However France also imports Beer from England. This is done because people want choice. 4. In, India we have Colgate which is one of the world’s biggest brands, yet there is scope for small companies like Amar and Babool. This is because people have different tastes and they want choices to choose from. 5. India is self sufficient in clothes making, yet we still import clothes. A person wearing an expensive Nike shoe also wears a cheap Bata shoe because of his liking. 6. India imports apples from New Zealand inspite us having the apples of Kashmir an Himachal. These Indian apples are themselves exported to other country which proves that consumer’s choice is an important factor in trade. 7. Hitachi and Onida air-conditioners use a same compressor built by Hitachi but the consumers of Hitachi and Onida are very different. Thus looking at these examples we can say that Germany imports cars from France only because the people of Germany want a diverse choice. This looks simple but it took a lot of time for Paul Krugman to develop. Thus the question why do countries who export one product also import the same is answered. The diverse choice of consumers is very helpful for everyone. Due to this choice the domestic consumer always has competition not only of other domestic companies but also of international companies. As a result the consumers as benefited greatly. The resources are used efficiently and new technology helps in making better products. PRODUCTION FAVOURS ECONOMIES OF SCALE Before we go further and explain this, we must 1st understand the concept of economies of scale. Economies of scale: The ‘economies of scale’ investing high capital to make a big production factory. The main objective is to make such a production centre that it behaves like a monopoly. The production capacity of such a place is very high. Production favours economies of scale: Paul Krugman says that production will be highest where input i. e. capital, technology and labour is high. To understand what he says we must 1st look at some examples: The question what he answered was that why when England had no cotton, it still was the capital for cloth. It also answers the question that why China and Japan grow so fast. Paul Krugman tells us that building an economies of scale is the reason why Japan and China grew so fast. He explains that when a place is made as a centre of production, the company benefits a lot. This is because the capital invested for higher production is much less that the total capital that would have been used to invest in factories at different locations for producing the same amount of product. This means that instead of having many factories one should just invest in one factory and thus save a lot on capital. The cost of freight is less than cost of land. Also making multiple factories of small scale would take a lot of time. Governments take initiative in some major industries and set up resources to build an economy of scale. Boeing and Airbus were created as a result of this. The English invested a lot of capital at Manchester in the textile industry. Thus even thought they did not grow any cotton, they still using their machines and technology make more cloth than any other country. Embraer the small jet company of Brazil whose jets are in so much demand was as a result of the support of the Brazilian government who set up an economy of scale for them. Jamnagar is still today the World’s Largest Refinery because Dhirubhai Ambani created a monopoly by investing huge capitals at one place and thus it was one of India’s 1st economy of scale. Maruti the Indian Car company was set up to cater the needs of Indians. A lot of investment was made for this. Today this small car manufacturer not only caters the Indian consumers but also exports to other countries. Coimbatore and Ludhiana are today the garment manufacturers of India because an economy of scale has been created at these two centers. Bangalore is the IT capital because an economy of scale (labour i. e. IT engineers) is available there. Anand is the milk capital of India because it is another form of economy of scale. Thus Paul Krugman said that production favours economies of scale. He further adds that government should take measure to reduce freight costs by building roads. He also tells that government should subsidize exports which will in turn increase production exports and there after growth. This theorem was the basis for growth in China and Japan. Japan: Japan from 1950s started investing high capitals in infrastructure and establishment of industries. Being a small group of islands, they were forced to make small centres of production with high capabilities. Thus this resulted in tremendous production and thus they exported goods to register high growth and become an economic super power. The freight rate was reduced as the government had built millions of kilometres of roads and tracks. The ports of Japan are also well developed. Thus by making economies of scale Japan became a super power. China: To become a super power economically, China started to open it s markets for trade. They invested a lot along the costal line and at Shanghai and Beijing. Thus centres of productions were created at scattered places. Thus even though development was not uniform economies of scale of different industries were created. Each village creates different products in China. The speciality of this is that each village produces only one unique product. One village produces socks only while another produces pants only. Haer which is the world leader in switch boards was 1st established to cater the Chinese domestic market. However the capacity of production at that one factory was so high that today Haer does not only cater the domestic market but also exports world over. This is the reason why China grew so much. This is also the reason why China is the world’s biggest exporter. They invested a lot of money at one single place which could produce a lot and thus they became a superpower. Thus Paul Krugman has rightly explained by giving the theorem â€Å"Production favours economies of scales† the reason why China and Japan are today economic super powers and why England is the largest producer of cloth. APPLICABILITY IN INDIA The framers of the economic and industrial policies of China and Japan have used NTT trade model to establish economies of scale to become the world’s biggest exporters and become economical super powers. Automobile companies of Japan, US, Germany are constantly researching and trying to bring innovative features to their cars. Right now these companies are in competition to make more fuel efficient and eco friendly occurs. Thus importing even when you are a major exporter of that product is now a good thing which is helping the environment. Toyota Prius will be soon imported in India. This will make companies like Honda to bring their own versions of hybrid cars. The competition will result in drop in price of Prius from an expensive 27 lakhs. NTT has also affected policies of other countries. Just as Japan and China have become economic super powers, similarly India can become superpower using policies that are derived from NTT. In the textile industry we have already established two economies of scale. However we need to create more economies of scale. TATA motors today has more than3 factories India, but its production capacity is much less than that of any of Maruti’s factory. More incentive and subsidies need to be given in India to establish more economies of scale. These economies of scale will in turn reduce capital wastage and increase production to increase economic growth. Our export capacity will also increase. To facilitate this growth the Indian Government will have to reduce freight cost by investing in transportation(roads, ports, railways). Also to increase exports the government will have to subsidise exports. The Chinese government have subsidised exports by 30%. The same products available in China are more expensive than that abroad. This was the sacrifice the Chinese people had to make for economic growth. Also imports on certain goods should be subsidised. Example- Hybrid cars This will in turn result in healthy competition and as the above example shows will result in benefit not only for country but also the worlds. There are only two drawbacks of having a NTT centred policy: 1) Growth and development will be scattered. Thus the benefits of this will not be got by all. In a country with India where the gap between village and city is already large such a policy will have to be implemented very carefully. Also investment of high capitals can get wasted in a corrupt country like ours. 2) Many companies will not be able to compete with the imported goods. This will result in loss and unemployment. Thus the government has to be careful and should also import technology when importing goods. The India government should use a NTT based policy to fulfil the goal of becoming a superpower in 2020 but will have to also make new schemes to achieve the goal of eradicating poverty by 2014. CONCLUSION The contributions of Paul Krugman are immense to developing this new trade theory. It can be said that Paul Krugman gave the heart and soul to the New Trade Theory. The New Trade Theory of Paul Krugman explains most of the problems of old theories and using it would amount to tremendous economic growth as observed in Japan and China. Paul Krugman’s theory is very good and its criticism is very less because it has very less drawbacks. The NTT is like Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations and it has already brought a revolution. However one must remember the two drawbacks of having such a policy and proceed with caution. The positives of NTT are great but it has two big negatives which become even bigger in our country and so we must proceed with caution. BIBLIOGRAPHY Books Referred: †¢ Samuelson Paul Nordhaus William, Economics, 19th Edition, McGraw-Hill/Irwin †¢ Krugman Paul, Strategic Trade Policy and The New International Economics, MIT Press †¢ Mankiw N. Gregory, Principles of Economics, South Western College †¢ Krugman Paul Obstfeld Maurice, International Economics: Theory Policy, 6th Edition, Addison Wesley †¢ Krugman Paul, Rethinking International Trade, 6th Edition, The MIT Press